Mass Communication Essay Example for Free

Mass Communication Essay According to historical evidence, oral exchange of news was the common method of communication in ancient India, whereas the modern medium of communication system was originated since the end of the eighteenth century. The present inquiry deals with variety of sub topics when analyzing Indian mass media. The coverage, popularity, diversification, westernization, commercialization, technology, entertainment, education, politics, sex, violence, women and children, are some of such topics which are deeply and sociologically analyzed in the study. The print media, Radio, TV, and Films are taken into account as comprised of Indian mass media throughout the study. Having understood that the nature of mass media is determined by social conditions, a Herculean attempt is made to understand Indian mass media as a manifestation of social implications in association with the society of India. According to study, Indian mass media is a symbol as well as a reflection of India society, which is extremely heterogeneous, diverse, and most importantly, a place of wide range of opinions. These criteria are relative, since the earliest forms of mass media (the printed book or pamphlet) were limited to the minority of a society that happened to be [emailprotected] com 20 literate and relatively close to the place of publication. There has been a continuous line of development of technologies since the earliest forms of media (rock paintings) to the latest digital forms that have expanded the capacity, speed and efficiency of transmission (McQuail, 2000). Meanwhile, as Block (1979) argues, mass media refers to methods of message transmission over space and time. Media involves a communication process by which messages are sent through space; both the [emailprotected] com Tilak Wijesundara International Journal of Communicology 2011;1(1) channels have come into existence and have been attracted by millions of listeners. Moreover, in India, Television made a humble debut when Doordarshan (DD) was initiated in 1959. Today, Television service is available throughout the country, directly as terrestrial TV and through cable operators, as satellite TV. When taking Films into consideration, India? s first Film was screened in 1896. Today, Indian Film industry which is widely known as â€Å"Bolliwood† is the largest Film industry in the world, producing over 800 Films annually. The present inquiry deals with variety of sub topics when analyzing Indian mass media. The coverage, popularity, diversification, westernization, commercialization, technology, entertainment, education, politics, sex, violence, women and children, are some of such topics which are deeply and sociologically analyzed in this regard. The print media, Radio, TV, and Films are taken into account as comprised of Indian mass media throughout the study. Having understood that the nature of mass media is determined by social conditions, a Himalayan attempt is made to understand Indian mass media as a manifestation of social implications prevalent in association with the society of India. It is due to this reason that a Sociological analysis is applied throughout the study as it bringsthe hidden realities of Indian society in general and its mass media in particular. Popularity Although it is evident that the overall popularity of mass media has been increasing, it is notable that this popularity varies in different media. In colonial India, print media had acquired an immense popularity among people as the vehicle of 21 sender and receiver devote time within that process (Hornic, Schlinger, 1981). So, in generally, as McQuail (2000) points out, it is not incorrect to denote the idea that the term „mass media? is shorthand to describe means of communication that operate on a large scale, reaching and involving virtually everyone in a society to a greater or lesser degree. It refers to a number of media that are now longestablished and familiar, such as newspapers, magazines, film, radio, television and the phonograph (recorded music). As historical factors indicate, oral exchange of news was the common method of communication in ancient India. As Malhan (1992) illustrates, religions and religious places (places of worship) employed every available medium of communication in that period. In addition, bathing places, tanks, riverbanks, sea shores, chopals also acted as forms of communication. It is also evident that educational institutions equally played a significant role in activating the process of communication in India in the past. The modern medium of communication system is seen to be originated in the land of India since the end of the eighteenth century. The print media came into existence at the end of the eighteenth century symbolizing the first modern medium of communication and information. Indian press today is one of the largest in the world with more than 30,000 Newspapers published with an annual circulation that exceeds 55 million copies. Meanwhile, it is true to state that India was among one of the earliest countries to adopt broadcasting. The cable subscriber base has increased from around 0. 05 million in the early 90s? to around 24 million by 1999-2000. Today, it is possible to view over 75 channels over satellite cable Television. In any case, as many studies do suggest, the prevalence of audio-visual media has not crippled the popularity of films. As Malhan (1992) suggests, even though TV and Video provide most of the ingredients within the home with all the comforts, people still prefer to see pictures on wider screens in crowded halls. In fact, Films provide the most direct communication to the mind and images do not need to be translated to be understood. It cuts language barriers and can be enjoyed by both the educated and the fool alike. The songs and dances in Films are immensely popular among masses and popular Film stars live in the hearts of common people for generations. What is interesting to see is that Western audiences are becoming more interested in Indian Films, which has made Indian Films a global phenomenon. Diversification The diversification has been a notable feature in Indian mass media. This symbolizes the diversity of India? s people. In 2001, India had 45,974 newspapers 22 independent movement and the voice of the people. Nevertheless, it is evident that this popularity shifted to Radio and TV with their emergence as audio-visual media, and this shift is significant after independence. Simultaneously, newspapers made a detachment of the general public. It is true that newspapers today have become a class medium. According to the present estimates, newspapers are purchased and read by less than 20% of India? s total population. Meanwhile, the broadcasting media have the capacity to reach out to the people in every four corners of the country. By indicating the popularity of Indian Radio, Malhan (1992) illustrates, â€Å"as a comparatively low cost spoken word medium, it has become a constant companion for farmers, workers, travelers, sports lovers and for all those who are interested in news, music, drama, quiz programs, farm bulletins, or views of eminent persons on public affairs. Because of its low cost and easy availability, it has been a common man? s paradise, and for people, a symbol of social respectability as well. However, it is incorrect to mention that the existence of print media has been totally paralyzed today, rather, evidence indicate that particularly the book publishing industry has been growing at an exceedingly higher level, with around 10,000 publishers and around 40,000 new titles every year. The domestic publishing market is in fact one of largest in the world today. Since its beginning, Television has acquired an immense popularity as the key media in the world. According to one idea, it is clear that Television is central to the processes of media saturation. Indeed, Television is central to modern society altogether (Abercrombie, 1997). The popularity of Television symbolizes the increase of [emailprotected] com [emailprotected] com Tilak Wijesundara International Journal of Communicology 2011;1(1) large country where many languages are spoken. Each of the larger languages supports its own Film industry: Urdu/Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalam. Accordingly, the Indian film industry is placed in diverse regions as follows; ? ? ? ? ? ? ? The Hindi/Urdu film industry, based on Mumbai is called „Bollywood The Marathi film industry, based on Mumbai and Pune The Tamil film industry, based on Chennai, Tamilnadu The Bengali film industry, based on Kolkata, West Begall The kannada film industry, based on the state of Karnataka The Telugu film industry, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh based on including 5364 daily newspapers published in over 100 languages. The largest number of newspapers were published in Hindi (20,589), followed by English (7,596), Marathi (2,943), Urdu (2,906), Bengali (2,741), Gujarati (2,215), Tamil (2,119), Kannada (1,816), Malayalam (1,505), and Telugu (1,289). The diversification is also apparent in Indian Broadcasting media. For instance, All India Radio? s (AIR) programs have been diversified over the years. Today, its home service programs are transmitted for 3. 91 hours every year. In addition, there are also external service transmissions which present programs in 17 foreign languages and 8 Indian languages for over 56 hours daily. AIR broadcasts programs for special audiences and occasions. Specific programs are relayed for the armed forces, women and children, youth students, industrial workers, and rural and tribal people. Fourteen stations broadcast daily programs twice a week in regional languages for women with the objective of providing entertainment and imparting information on household topics. Programs on family welfare, a very important information sector for the welfare of the women are planned and produced by 36 family welfare units at various broadcasting networks. These programs are integrated with the general programs as well as those meant for special audiences like rural, folk, women, youth, and industrial workers (Malhan,1992). Indian Television has achieved an immense success in reaching wide range of viewers. The prevalence of over 75 channels itself indicates its veracity. Doordarshan (DD) alone offers diverse national, regional, and local service for Indian Television viewers. The diversification is immensely visible in association with Indian Films. India is a [emailprotected] com The Malayalam film industry, based on the state of Kerala What all these factors suggest is that Indian mass media are highly diversified in order to access multitude of people. Commercialization/ Westernization In the present scenario, it has been often put forward the fact that Indian mass media are enormously subject to commercialization and Westernization. This is particularly true with regard to Television and Cinema. As D? Souza (1998) indicates, contemporary film making is a big financing venture more than ever before. It is usually controlled by commercial consideration rather than the demand o the art. Films make no demands on the power of thinking, rather, ignore it for the sake of commerce. This argument is supported by Malhan (1992) when he denotes the fact that the Cinema after independence is predominately commercial so far as feature films are concerned. 23 [emailprotected] com Tilak Wijesundara International Journal of Communicology 2011;1(1) advertisements or advertorials is disguised as news. Whatever it is, it can be assumed that the process of commercialization and westernization have been in a tremendous enhancement after 1990s than ever before, with the introduction of liberalization and privatization policies. Technology It is crystal clear that all the mainstream mass media in India are under the impact of high technological appliances. As Malhan (1992) indicates, the advanced technologies such as adaptation of satellite communication and broadcasting, electronic printing, electronic and digital technology, extensive use of Tele-communication, internet and computer machinery are enormously benefited by the print media today. Television and Radio too has no exception in this direction. Moreover, Indian Cinema is in extreme use of new and effective technology in the process of Film making, recording and screening. However, as D? Souza (1998) points out, even though India has been using an increasing level of technology, very powerful political and economic forces have gained control over technology in general and communication system in particular. This has obstructed the communication flow from and to the grass root level. What is indeed true is that Indian mass media today are in the hands of few business houses and companies. As Sahay et al (2006) remarks, the most visible change is the growing influence of commercial departments in the media companies in India.

Comparing Portrayal of Women in One Hundred Years of Solitude and The House of the Spirits :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Portrayal of Women in One Hundred Years of Solitude and The House of the Spirits The portrayal of women in the novels One Hundred years of Solitude and The House of the Spirits differs greatly. In One Hundred Years of Solitude empowerment comes only through age, for instance Ursula Iguaran, the matriarch of the Buendia family and to some extent Macondo, or through strength of sexuality, for instance Pilara Tenera the 'sexual matriarch' of Macondo. This is in contrast with The House of the Spirits where empowerment comes also through force of conviction, as seen with Nivea, and also through commercial enterprise as seen with Transito Soto. These women represent Allende's own brand of feminism Furthermore those women who accept a traditional role of subservience and remain staunch in their conservatism are shown to finish their days alone and mostly forgotten as is seen with Ferula and Nana. As the novels were set in first half of the twentieth century in Latin America, the role of women in the social hierarchy of this backdrop is worthy of consideration. This was a patriarchal society where men of whatever age were always superior in standing to women. As a woman aged, her position in the social hierarchy would increase. Furthermore women had few career choices; all were linked to some form of domestic service whether solely as a wife and mother or as a nanny or a combination. Religion played a very important role in this predominantly catholic area. The role of women as portrayed by the church was somewhat of a paradox, simultaneously acknowledging and praising women for the gift of child bearing and yet depicting them as the root of all sin, as the temptress inducing thoughts of fornication as well as causing the original sin, that being Adam eating the fruit in the 'Garden of Eden'. Despite Marquez's well documented anticlericalism this idea in church ideology of the temptress is paralleled in One Hundred Years of Solitude albeit the figure of Eve in her roles is split between the matriarchs of Macondo namely Pilar Tenera and Ursula Iguaran. In the beginning of One hundred years of solitude: "The world was so recent that many things lacked names, and in order to indicate them it was necessary to

Biography of Annointed Gifts Essay

Annointed Gifts was established in September of 2006 by Rev. Dr. Johnnie E. Jordan Sr. Through Pastor Jordans’ vision he brought forth six anointed young men to spread the word of God through their musical talent of playing instruments, and their special talent of vocals. Minister Nelton Shorter Jr. (Jay-Jay) who is the minister of music at his home church Union Second Baptist been playing keyboard, singing gospel( songwriting) for over twenty years. Davell Davis (Ace) who is the minister of music at his home church Rising Star C.O.G.I.C. been playing keyboard and singing(songwriting) gospel for over fifteen years. Christopher Jordan has been playing drums, singing(songwriting ), for the lord under the leadership of his father and pastor of Greater Mt. Olive M.B.C. for over twentyfive years. Paul Washington plays lead guitar at Greater Mt. Olive M.B.C. and has been playing & singing(songwriting) Gospel for over thirty years. Clarence Trotter received his calling at an early age. He has been playing bass guitar & singing(songwriting) Gospel for over twenty years. Marvin Jordan began to get involved as an audio technician and sound check person at Greater Mt. Olive M.B.C. in 1986. He has over twenty years of experience in audio engineering In the short time that Annointed Gifts been together, they have been fortunate & blessed to perform with some of the big names of gospel quartet. They performed with The Williams Brothers, & The Mighty Clouds of Joy at The Detroit Opera House .They also performed out of state as well as all over the Michigan area with some of gospel greats such as Doc McKenzie & The Hi-Lites,The Pilgrim Jubilees,Keith Wonderboy Johnson, Dewayne Watkins former member of Canton Spirituals, Park Stewart former member of Commission, Darius Twyman , George Dean & The Gospel Four, Evelyne Turrtine’ Agee and even received great reviews from the Legendary Spanky. Annointed Gifts is truly a blessing from heaven abling them to pass on Gods’ message through song and praises.

The Shift from Fordism to Post-Fordism and Possible Future...

The Shift from Fordism to Post-Fordism and Possible Future Routes for Capitalist Organization Capitalism continues to be a revolutionary form of social organization. Modes of production, the ordering of daily activities, and the material practices and processes of social reproduction have undergone numerous changes since capitalism’s inception. Mapping a history of capitalism’s different stages and forms – both social and institutional – would be an arduous task, complicated by the fact that in each of capitalism’s stages, features and characteristics of past and future stages abound. Nevertheless, the current form of capitalism marks a unique departure from previous stages. Euphemisms and catchphrases concerning late 20th†¦show more content†¦In this sense, a regime of accumulation refers to the stabilization over a long period of the allocation of the net product between consumption and accumulation; it implies some correspondence between the transformation of both the conditions of production and the conditions of reproductiv e wage earners. This must entail the formation of a knowable and predictable configuration of norms, habits, laws, regulating networks and so on that ensure the unity of the process, i.e. the appropriate consistency of individual behaviors with the schema of reproduction. This task of regulating and ensuring the sustainability of the regime of accumulation is the mode of social and political regulation. The regime of accumulation under Fordism relied on the link between mass production and mass consumption. In order to fuel the cycle of economic activity, wages had to be sufficiently high to support mass consumption. This mass consumption drove demand and productive activity for firms, which were afforded profits used to reinvest in productive ventures. This virtuous cycle of cumulative economic activity was thought to perpetuate itself indefinitely once full employment was realized. The purpose of the state under Fordism was to stabilize the free market’s inherent crisis tendencies. The obligations of the state in this form of capitalist organization wereShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of workRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesGerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesManagement Course: MBA−10 General Management California College for Health Sciences MBA Program McGraw-Hill/Irwin abc McGraw−Hill Primis ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Text: Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition Cohen Harvard Business Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership

Persepolis and the Iranian Revolution - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1104 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Persepolis Essay Did you like this example? It is tough to comprehend and obey any rule driving people to modify their means of living. In the book Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi there were many variations in the method of existing throughout the Revolution. Persepolis was built on Satrapis recollections of her youth through the times when she was a kid. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Persepolis and the Iranian Revolution" essay for you Create order Satrapi describes the problems she had altering her usual habits and getting in trouble for showing herself through the things she enjoyed. It was not only Satrapi who had to deal with situations but other people as well and even the culture as one. Though there were numerous variations in the lifestyles of others, there was a big influence on the armed forces, females, schooling and in numerous adolescences. To begin, the armed forces began recruiting adolescent boys at age fourteen living in scarcity which formed a alteration in the armed forces. This was a alteration inside the armed forces because at fourteen an individual is still well-thought-out as juvenile and has not rationally or physically developed all the way. To get into the armed forces an individual has to be mature and fully developed. Countless fourteen-year-old boys were deceived into joining the armed forces. They were given a key coated in gold paint to represent worth. They were told if they were privileged enough to die, the golden key would expose the entrance into paradise. They were assured a improved life from the one they were living in the lesser class. As Mrs. Nasrine, Satrapis maid, explains, They told him that in paradise there will be plenty of food, women and houses made of gold and diamonds (100). The lives of these adolescent boys were altered entirely. At such a youthful age their teen years of discove ring love and companionship was taken away by a key painted gold. Not only were there fluctuations in the armed forces, females had their privileges and liberty taken away. Additionally, females confronted many obstacles throughout the war. At the beginning of the Revolution, females were required to wear coverings over their heads. It was a alteration no one was used to. Young girls were jumbled about the coverings and did not take it that serious. Satrapi explains in Persepolis, We didnt like to wear the veil, especially since we didnt understand why we had to (3). They were required to do something they did not want to do. Although some females valued the covering, some did not. With the beginning of the coverings females lost their liberty and privileges. There were also numerous circumstances where females were screamed at and insulted by men when seen without the covering. They were thought of as displaying too much and going against the regulations. Satrapi also clarifies how she was not able to express her stylishness around in public without getting into trouble. In Satrapis teen years, punk rock became the style in the United States but it was prohibited in Iran. Even though it was prohibited, Satrapi listened to the music and loved voicing it by the way she dressed. In the chapter Kim Wilde Satrapi clarifies how severe the dress code was inside her nation. After the arrival of her parents from their trip to Turkey, they took back a couple of Nikes and a denim jacket for Satrapi. As she strolled through the streets with her new attire she was stopped by two guardian females. Satrapi says, Their job was to put us back on the straight narrow by explaining the duties of Muslim women (133). They judged her by the way she was dressed and wanted to account her to the committee, The committee was the HQ of the guardians of the revolution (Satrapi 133). This became discriminating to numerous people. Countless were powerless to express themselves without receiving punishment. They were required to alter their lifestyles to not have any concern about having a life in prison. Schooling was also altered throughout the revolution. Satrapi clarifies in her book how schoolchildren were divided in school based on their sex. While the boys were in one classroom the girls were in another. Countless were unable to see their companions because of the new guidelines in schooling. In school, girls were required to wear their coverings, remove any trinkets, and had to beat their chests twice a day in honor of the martyrs. Students were also educated untrue info about the shah and the prisoners. They were required to keep the truth away from the schoolchildren. Satrapi describes in the book how she often stood up and corrected her instructor. Countless times she got expelled for correcting the teachers she had. Satrapi had the information to express the truth around the revolution. Having to transfer to a different country was one of the extreme changes in an Iranian lifestyle. Also, numerous teen boys and girls were guided by their parents to different nations for the sake of their protection. In Persepolis, Satrapi debates different circumstances in which numerous young teenagers were directed to a different country counting herself. This led to their alteration of lifestyle. In the chapter The sheep Satrapi states that her childhood friend left Iran to transfer to the United States. It was tough on her because she adored him. In the chapter The Passport Satrapi converses the doubts and grief the parents experienced when their kids went to another country. If it was not for the revolution, the alterations that were made would have not occurred. Finally, Persepolis comes to a finish with Satrapi moving to France. Satrapis parents decide she would have a healthier forthcoming and a safer situation in France. This was an situation Satrapi was surprised about. She left her family and companions in Iran knowing she would not be seeing them as regularly as before. Satrapi says, What I had feared was true. Maybe theyd come to visit, but wed never live together again (152). As Satrapi stood in the airport waiting for her flight, she saw her mom pass out from heartbreak as Satrapi was getting prepared for her trip. The revolution changed the lives of numerous. In conclusion, there were numerous changes throughout the period of the revolution. Young boys were getting enlisted into the armed forces while females were losing their privileges and liberty. Schooling became firmer and schoolchildren were being educated incorrect info. There were numerous changes in life which became very discriminating to some people. Also, due to the revolution numerous teenagers were flown off to different nations for an improved future. Persepolis is a lesson that shows that staying strong and standing up for ones own opinions and views is very crucial to being human.

Management 303 Swot - 1090 Words

Malav Patel 03/19/2015 Business Management 303 John Deichstetter SWOT Analysis SWOT Analysis of Wal-Mart Unraveling the concept of Wal-Mart exposes a simple idea of providing basic necessities at an affordable rate. A superb way of viewing a business is to look objectively at its’ operations. This begins by looking at their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats or to conduct a SWOT analysis of Wal-Mart. * A strong point of Wal-Mart is that they have developed a loyal customer and employee foundation. This interaction is vital and helps the company grow and learn. They achieved this loyalty with good customer service, great pricing for the products and by moving to areas of the country that are often†¦show more content†¦* Wal-Mart is the world’s largest grocery retailer and the control of its’ empire, despite its’ IT advantages, it still leaves a lot of weak area where they need to use their resources to the fullest and find a way to solve that as soon as possible. * The opportunities for Wal-Mart are where t heir resourcefulness ends. Wal-Mart needs to focus on the future and improve their perception. American consumers are driven by cost however that is now starting to change. People in America perceive the larger picture and Wal-Mart needs to start promoting positive ideas. * Expand to other countries * Improve local communities perception * Lobby Federal Government for tax breaks and incentives * Promote fair trade and human labor laws * Promote green world * A new marketing campaign * Hire young staff * Certain new rules and regulation when it comes to customer service. * To take over, merge with, or form strategic alliances with other global retailers, focusing on specific markets. Example – bharti- Wal-Mart in India. * The stores currently only trade in a relative small number of countries. Therefore there are tremendous opportunities for future business in expanding consumer markets. * According to me there are very few threats to Wal-Mart but I have mentioned the few I found, which may be causing problems for the company. * Current economy * Tariff taxes * Employee unions * WarehouseShow MoreRelatedEssay on Strategic Planning629 Words   |  3 PagesAssume that you are asked to complete a SWOT analysis for a fictional, large, physician cardiology practice. You are having a hard time fitting all of the characteristics into the SWOT analysis categories. After careful deliberation, you complete the analysis and submit it for review to the practice manager. †¢ Give 2–3 examples for each of the SWOT categories for your cardiology practice SWOT analysis. Why did you select these categories for specific services? †¢ What advice would you give themRead MoreMgmt 303 Wk2 Quiz797 Words   |  4 PagesManagement 303 – Week 2 Quiz Cindy Abbott DeVry University 1.  (TCO 2) List at least FOUR sources you will use to obtain information about the firm’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Discuss what categories of the SWOT elements of information are readily available on the Internet. What categories of data are difficult or impossible to find on the Internet? (When using the Internet, be sure to provide specific websites or URLs.) 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In 1922 USAA was originally founded in San Antonio, Texas when 25 Army officers decided to come together and insure each other’s automobiles. William Garrison was USAA’s first elected president. Shortly after that USAA’s first employee was Harold Dunton, who was hired as a general manager. Major Walter Moore purchased the first automobile insurance

Confidence Intervals And Statistical Guidelines

Question: Discuss about the Confidence Intervals And Statistical Guidelines? Answer: Guideline 1: The aim of this guideline is to denote the assumptions with different colors. For example, red is the color, which represents the managers knowledge, green signifying the assumption depending on the knowledge and blue is denoting the knowledge from the assumption (Douglas et al., 2015). The guideline is helping the managers to identify that whether their statement is supportive in terms of their knowledge and final assumption or not. In case of a doctor, he or she needs to be more careful while monitoring the patient. Guideline 2: This guideline has suggested that calculating the mean or average value of a statistical calculation and judging the overall statistic with that value is actually represent a false statement. Therefore, it is important to communicate with the service users of healthcare directly and individually for identifying their current satisfaction level. Guideline 3: This guideline is suggesting that predicting the consequences is not appropriate to evaluate a statistic. However, the consequences can be far different from the assumed thought. Doctors are handling health care service users and therefore, the process is very delicate (Altman et al., 2013). Thus, a doctor should take care of the alternative consequences while handling their patients. Guideline 4: Statistics or statistical calculation is not enough to provide a clear outcome. That means an overall analysis of many viewpoints can represent a manipulative result. In order to improve the quality of statistical result, the sampling process needs to be monitored. Doctors need to communicate with every patient for knowing that whether they are improving with the current medication or not. Guideline 5: The result of a statistical calculation is might not the actual result. As authenticity of statistical data is low, it is obvious that the result will be on negative degree from the actual result. Therefore, an individual needs to assume the ultimate outcome lower than the result of a statistical calculation. Doctors should not take their decision depending on the statistical result due to low reliability issue. Summarizing the responses The research conducted in this case study is emphasizing that sometimes statistics are misleading people. Many organizations are conducting study with random sampling and the result is published through different platform such as television, newspaper and internet. However, these studies are actually providing wrong information to the audience. Mostly, companies are involved in these kinds of activities for increasing their sales volume. The case study is showing that a Random Sportswear TM has was conducted a study to increase sales of their new product, which was a running shoe (Griggs et al., 2008). The aim of the company was to portrait that this product is able to improve growth of muscle at a percentage of 15% and 25% accordingly. Comparing these products with the other random shoes, the company has claimed that the experts has tested this product and certify the same. Apart from that, the company was stated that they has selected 100 people and separate those people into two groups for conducting the study. However, they have not provided any information regarding how they have separated the group of how they have determined the parameters to compare the product with random shoes. The study was also overlooked the individual result. Another research has focuses on the individual viewpoint, which represents that 85% of respondents have encountered they were not comfortable with the running shoe (Hutton, 2010). However, the company has stated the wrong information to the consumers for enforcing the sales volume within a short time. The overall survey is indicating that the companies are manipulating numerical data for misleading the consumers. Reference list Altman, D., Machin, D., Bryant, T., Gardner, M., (2013).Statistics with confidence: confidence intervals and statistical guidelines. John Wiley Sons Douglas, J. A., Douglas, A., McClelland, R. J., Davies, J. (2015). Understanding student satisfaction and dissatisfaction: an interpretive study in the UK higher education context.Studies in Higher Education,40(2), 329-349 Griggs, R. A., Jackson, S. L.,Marek, P., Christopher, A. N. (2008). Critical thinking in introductory psychology texts and supplements.Teaching of Psychology,25(4), 254-266. Hutton, J. L. (2010). Misleading statistics.Pharmaceutical Medicine,24(3), 145-149.